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The reign of Tsar Ivan III Vasilyevich, famously known as Ivan the Great, spanned from 1462 to 1505 and marks the beginning of Russian history as it is known today. Ivan III's "Gathering of Russian Lands" saw the expansion of Muscuvy through the absorption of surrounding principalities. It was under Ivan III that the Muscovite principality cut ties with the Mongols. Even in his personal affairs, Ivan III strengthened his position politically through his marriage to Byzantine princess Sophia Paleologue, declaring Moscow, Russia the “Third Rome.”Additionally, Ivan III initiated a noteworthy building campaign in Moscow and codified new laws in 1497, further solidifying the city's prominence and position as the Third Rome. Ivan III's reign, characterized by pragmatic governance, military successes, and cultural initiatives, established Moscow as the preeminent power in Russia, earning him the title of the first national Russian Sovereign and setting the stage for the expansion of the Russian Empire. The successor of Ivan III was his son Vasilji III, who reigned from 1505 to his death in 1533, consolidating and expanding the Russian Empire. Continuing his father's legacy, Vasilji III annexed more of the remaining surrounding appanages. He exerted pressure on the Kazan Khanate, fostering expansion and supporting pro-Russian factions within the Khanate. Vasilji III cultivated alliances with many world rulers at the time showcasing his diplomacy skills. His stern rule over the boyars and appanage families helped to centralize power in the growing state, forbidding deviation and heightening obligations. There were struggles in his personal affairs, but ultimately he managed to bear a son who became one of the most famous rulers in Russian history, Ivan the Terrible. Most notable of Vasilji III’s reign, it marked the transition from appanages to centralized governance, which shaped Russia's geopolitical landscape for centuries to come.
